Edinburgh is a city rich in historical attractions, making it one of the most beautiful cities in Europe. Additionally, the unique Scottish culture and lifestyle offer a special experience for tourists.
Located on the eastern coast of the Southern Scottish Highlands, Edinburgh sits on the southern part of the delta mouth of the Forth River. Its port is Leith. The city, founded in 626 by Edwin of Northumbria, sprawls over a volcanic terrain and became the capital of Scotland in the 15th century.
The backbone of Edinburgh’s vibrant cultural life is its nearly year-round continuous festivals, among which the Edinburgh Festival held every August, and the closely associated The Fringe, the world’s largest international arts festival, stand out.
Read my day trip to Edinburgh here!
Table of Contents
Attractions in Edinburgh
Edinburgh Castle
Perched atop a volcanic rock peak, the castle is an ancient fortress that served as a royal residence for several centuries. Located at the upper end of the famous Royal Mile street, in the western part of Edinburgh’s Old Town, it’s a must-visit for its spectacular city views.
Having served defensive purposes, the castle houses numerous military facilities. Its most famous parts include the Crown Square (where the royal palace stands), the Portcullis Gate, the Argyle Tower, St. Margaret’s Chapel, and the Mons Meg siege cannon.
The Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo, a military band festival that has become a symbol of Edinburgh and all of Scotland, is held here annually.
Royal Mile
The main street of Edinburgh, with the castle at its western end. Its length is approximately one Scottish mile (about 1.6 km).
Today, the Royal Mile is an eclectic mix of gift shops, restaurants, pubs, historical attractions, and is also the main venue for the Edinburgh Festival.
St Giles’ Cathedral
Located on the Royal Mile, this Gothic church hosted the first parliament of Mary, Queen of Scots.
Throughout its history, it has been destroyed by siege, fire, and expanded or rebuilt several times, with significant alterations made between 1829 and 1832.
The Thistle Chapel, built within in 1911, is one of the most beautiful chapels in Scotland, adorned with flags depicting the crests of the Knights of the Thistle Order.
The Real Mary King’s Close
Below Edinburgh lies an extensive labyrinth, parts of which are open to visitors.
Guided tours are led by costumed guides who share many stories and legends. It’s definitely worth booking tickets in advance!
All information and ticket purchases can be found here!
Holyroodhouse Palace
At the end of Canongate Street, an extension of the Royal Mile, stands the baroque-style royal palace, which served as the residence of Mary, Queen of Scots.
Originally built in 1128 by David I as Holyrood Abbey, the ruins of the abbey can be seen on the northeast side of the building. Today, it is the official residence of the Queen of Scotland, as well as the venue for receptions and state ceremonies. The building also houses The Queen’s Gallery.
Scottish Parliament
Located opposite Holyroodhouse Palace, this building won the Building of the Year award in 2005.
Constructed using metal, oak, and granite with innovative architectural solutions, the design was inspired by the surrounding landscape, resembling flowers and an inverted boat.
Open to visitors on weekdays, admission is free! More information can be found here.
The National Monument
Inaugurated in 1822 atop Calton Hill, based on the designs of Playfair and Robert Cockerell, it commemorates Scottish soldiers who died in the Napoleonic Wars.
Originally intended to be an exact replica of the Parthenon, funding ran out, so only a fraction was completed. Locals refer to the monument as „Edinburgh’s Disgrace”.
Nelson Monument
Adjacent to The National Monument is the memorial for Admiral Lord Nelson, built between 1807 and 1815 based on Robert Burn’s designs.
The 33-meter-high round tower is accessible by 143 steps, offering a panoramic view up to the estuary of the River Forth.
Scott Monument
This Gothic structure on Princes Street commemorates Scottish writer Sir Walter Scott and is the world’s second-largest writer’s monument after Havana’s José Martí Memorial.
The 61-meter-tall tower has several observation decks, with the highest reached by climbing 287 steps.
Floral Clock
Located near Princes Street, opposite The Royal Scottish Academy, this clock is decorated with flowers.
It is the world’s first floral clock, created in 1903, with a circumference of 10.8 meters and a diameter of 3.5 meters.
Dean Village
About 1.5 km walk from the center, along the Leith stream, is a part built in the 19th century.
It’s a great place to wander among the old-style buildings in this peaceful neighborhood. Along the stream, you can take a scenic walk on the Water of Leith Walkway.
Holyrood Park
Close to the center, this huge 250-hectare park is open to visitors. It is connected to the Holyroodhouse royal palace and was formerly a 12th-century royal hunting estate.
For those who like hiking, definitely go up to the top of Arthur’s Seat, which offers magnificent views of the city and the sea.
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Originally a medicinal herb garden, it now covers more than 28 hectares and boasts one of the world’s largest rhododendron collections.
The garden also features a greenhouse with tropical and rainforest plants in their native climate.